water treatment plant process

Water Treatment Plant is a system that functioned to treat water from the raw water quality (influent) is not good to get a water quality treatment (effluent) to the desired standard / defined or ready for consumption.

Physical parameters of the water is usually seen from the elements related to human senses such as sight, touch, taste and smell, which includes Turbidity (cloudiness), color, odor, taste and temperature. Processing systems commonly in use are Sedimentation System (Precipitation), Filtration and addition of disinfectant.

When viewed from the types of compounds are divided into two (2), namely:

1. Chemical Parameters
Chemical compounds that are often found in water are Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, Na, SO4, CO3. If the water contains excessive chemical compounds (not enter safe consumption standard), processing can be done with a filtration system using a certain media such as Reverse Osmosis system or Demineralier and Softener.

2. Parameter Biology
Parameters seen by the presence of microorganisms in the water. When the number of micro-organisms in the excessive water will usually damage the health if consumed. Processing can be performed by using a disinfectant or device used, for example injection Chlor, System and System UV Ozone (O3).

3. UNIT

A. Sand Filter
The filtration system uses silica sand media are stacked on top of gravel, sand fil-ter system berfumgsi as filter / removing visible dirt (eg turbidity, moss etc.) That have a filter 20-30μ (depending on the brand / type of media ).

The media usually has a life of 3-4 years (depending on the influent).

maintenance

1. Backwash
Backwash is done washing to remove dirt that accumulates on the media by the method of reverse flow (from bottom to top / reverse system running). Backwash water directly results in waste through the drain.
Backwash is usually done every 1-2 days for 30-60 minutes (depending on the level of soiling influent and media) when the water pressure coming out of the lower water pressure entering the filter.

2. Sanitation
Done every month or when the results of the micro analysis does not make the standards specified.
Sanitation is done by inserting sanitary materials (eg oxonia etc.) Into the tank and soak along with the media and the amount of time that has been set. In addition, sanitation can also be done by immersing water media with air temperatures above 80 ° Celsius for 1-2 hours.

3. Rinse / Flushing
Performed after the backwash process or sanitary finish that aims to rinse impurities remaining in the backwash process also removes residual material remaining on the sanitation sanitation process. Rinse water directly results in waste through the drain.
B. Activated Carbon Filter
The filtration system uses the charcoal medium, which is currently widely used is coal and coconut shell charcoal, this system serves as odor, color, organic materials including chlorine residual.

Activated carbon can usually last up to 1-2 years (depending on the influent).

maintenance

1. Backwash
Performed every 1-2 days depending upon the level of dirtiness or saturated media (not able to filter out residual chlorine).

2. Sanitation
Done every month or micro analysis results do not go the specified standard.
Usually in the soak water with a temperature above 80º Celsius (autoclave) for 2 jam.Juga ka-sus in particular can soak with sanitary materials for 30 minutes for sanitation (important !: activated carbon under no obligation in sanitary materials soak too long also too often).

3. Rinse / Flushing
Carried out after the process is complete backwash or sanitation.

C. Softener (If using softener system)
This filtration system using cation resin media in the switch using the salt, the sys-tem function removes hardness (Ca and Mg).

Age Media reaches 10 -12 months (depending on the influent).

maintenance

1. Backwash
Performed prior to regeneration.

2. Regeneration
Done when the media has been saturated (not able to lower hardness) by immersing / medium flow through the salt solution.

3. Sanitation
Performed by means of flow through media with a low concentration of chlorine solution (0.1-0.2 ppm) for a few minutes (1-2 minutes).

4. Rinse / Flushing
Performed after 3 (three) completed the above process.

D. Cation (If using system Demineralizer)
This filtration system utilized a cation resin in the switch using HCl solution which serves to lower the total alkalinity, hardness.

As a side note this system also lowers the pH of water treated (<4) Age Media reaches 10-12 months (depending on the influent).

Maintenance

1. Backwash Do before the regeneration of

2. regeneration process is carried out when the cation resin is saturated, it can be marked with a look at one of the parameters do not enter the water effluent standards (eg pH rise (> 4), high alkalinity and hardness (value approached influent effluent)).

3. Sanitation
Done if the results do not make a standard micro analysis.

4. Flushing
Performed after 3 (three) completed the above process.

E. Anion (If using system Demineralizer)
The filtration system uses an anion resin media in the switch using NaOH solution which serves to lower the total alkalinity, hardness.
For the record these systems also raise the pH of water treated (> 10).

Age Media reaches 10-12 months (depending on the influent).

maintenance

1. Backwash
Done before the regeneration

2. Regeneration
This process is done when the cation resin is saturated, it can be marked with a look at one of the parameters do not enter the water effluent standards (eg pH drop (<9), high alkalinity and hardness (approaching the value of the influent effluent)).

3. Sanitation
Done if the results do not make a standard micro analysis.

4 Flushing
Performed after 3 (three) completed the above process.

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